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Methods of Instruction


While most of our public schools are based on the theory of "constructivism" (discovery learning) the bulk of scientific research shows that it is inferior to instructivism.

"The Fundamental Problem in Education" Summary of the instructivist vs. constructivist approach to teaching by Martin Kozloff
"Why Traditional Education is More Progressive" By E.D. Hirsch
"Romancing the Child" By E.D. Hirsch  An article about the failure of progressivism
Learning the Basics  Nice summary critiquing child centered learning, from a Canadian school reform group
Best Practice  Beware of claims of "Best Practice"!  This is adapted from the book "Best Practice New Standards for Teaching and Learning in America's Schools" by Steven Zemelman, Harvey Daniels, and Marilyn Bizar.  This book is constantly referred to as the basis for many educational practices.  But the recommendations are entirely unsupported by mainstream, rigorous, scientific research!! 
Curricular and Instructional Patterns in Regular Classrooms  Describes variety of methods of instruction, and compares Direct Instruction to child centered learning
"California Teacher Training Bias Puts Politically Correct Methods Over Proven Methodology, Study Finds"
Catalog of School Reform Models  Provides a synopsis of each of the many reform models
Core Knowledge The challenging Core Knowledge curriculum developed by E.D. Hirsch of the University of Virginia
"Developmentalism: An Obscure but Pervasive Restriction on Educational Improvement" By J. E. Stone
Teaching and Learning Theories From EdInformatics, links to Constructivism vs. Instructivism
Student-Centered Learning and Learner-Centered Design: Selected Web Resources
"Instruction:  The Tyranny of Dogma"
"Facing the Classroom Challenge" Comprehensive discussion of instructional practices
Martin Kozloff articles Kozloff is an expert on pedagogy and has numerous articles about methods of instruction
Aligning Teacher Training with Public Policy An article that reveals the underlying problem to be indoctrination of future teachers by education professors in "theories" and "beliefs" that have no basis in reality. Also exposes "Best Practice" as no more than an ideology.
The Classical Academy  Thanks to the charter school movement, there is a resurgence of interest in classical education.  The Classical Academy is a school in Colorado Springs that uses the classical approach to education.  This site has a good description of the Classical method. 
 


Direct Instruction  Direct Instruction is a type of Intructivism that has been shown to be superior to "progressive" teaching methods.  It is ignored by most public school systems, although it is growing in popularity among research based charter schools.

Instruction versus Exploration in Science Learning Recent psychological research calls "discovery learning" into question
Direct Instruction Makes a Comeback From the National Center For Policy Analysis
Direct Instruction Making Waves  From a Chicago School Reform Publication
Jeff Lindsay's article on Direct Instruction
Research on Direct Instruction Book Summary
Research Regarding Direct Instruction Compares results of different instructional methods
Resources About Direct Instruction  Useful links   
Direct Instruction in Education  A thorough article by Martin Kozloff discussing teaching methods
Effective School Practices is a publication of the Association for Direct Instruction.  Many links to articles about Project Follow Through
Study: Direct Instruction Not Best Way to Teach Reading  This appeared as a news release from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. It appears that this study was not published in any peer reviewed journal.  Our request for the original study has not yet been acknowledged, but according to this response by Siegfried Engelmann, the study has major methodological flaws making its conclusions invalid. 


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Parents for Evidence Based Education
PO Box 11144
Cedar Rapids, IA 52410-1144
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updated: September 3, 2003